ABSTRACT
2-Methyl-2-butanol (MBT) is a chemical compound from the group of alcohols more specifically pentanols, which has shown an excellent anti-cancer activity in our previous study. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer effect of MBT on human retinoblastoma cells. The results showed that the use of MBT leads to HXO-RB44 cell death but is cytotoxic to normal cells at higher concentrations. It showed a dose- as well as a time-dependent inhibition of HXO-RB44 cells. P27 is a cell cycle inhibitory protein, which plays an important role in cell cycle regulation whereas cyclin-B1 is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. MBT increased the cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner by augmenting p27 and reducing cyclin B1 expression. Moreover, it also accelerated apoptosis, increased light chain-3 (LC-3) conversion in a dose-dependent manner, and helped to debulk cancerous cells. LC3 is a soluble protein, which helps to engulf cytoplasmic components, including cytosolic proteins and organelles during autophagy from autophagosomes. In order to verify the effect of MBT, bafilomycin A1, an autophagy inhibitor, was used to block the MTB-induced apoptosis and necrosis. Additionally, a specific Akt agonist, SC-79, reversed the MBT-induced cell cycle arrest and autophagy. Thus, from the present study, it was concluded that MBT induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy through the PI3K/Akt pathway in HXO-RB44 cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Autophagy/drug effects , Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects , Pentanols/pharmacology , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Blotting, Western , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/drug effects , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
AlM:To evaluate the clinical application of the domestic rebound tonometer ( RBT ) in measuring intraocular pressure ( lOP) in healthy children. METHODS:lOP measurement was measured in bilateral eyes of 108 cases with domestic RBT. Then the lOP for the left eyes of the children older than 13 years was obtained with Goldmann applanation tonometry ( GAT) . RESULTS: Of the 108 children, 100 ( 92. 6%) had lOP measurement both eyes successfully. Of the 100 children, 24 were older than 13 years. The mean lOP values for the left eyes of the 24 children of RBT and GAT were (16. 0± 3. 0) mmHg (1kPa=7. 5mmHg) and (15. 7±2. 8) mmHg, respectively. There was no significant difference between the lOP of the two tonometers (P>0. 05). The lOP of RBT had a good liner relationship with that of GAT ( r=0. 849, P CONCLUSlON: Domestic RBT is a good instrument in detecting lOP in children and it seems to be very comfortable and easy when performing lOP measurement in children without an anesthetic.